Institutional Learning and Change Initiative

The following text is drawn from Guijt and Woodhill (2002).

Photographs and video

The purpose of this method is to help track changes discerned from a series of photographs or video sequences shot at different levels (from using a normal camera at ground-level to aerial or satellite photographs taken from an airplane or from space). From an M&E perspective, this method can focus on specific indicators or performance questions or can be more open-ended if you give the camera to stakeholders and ask them to assess changes they perceive to be critical.

Some hints for making a photo series to assess change (some are relevant for a video series as well)

• Have a consistent landmark in the background of the photo year-after-year. A post, rock, painted X, telephone pole or some other object that will stay in place over time.
• Fancy equipment is not necessary. You can use a 35 mm camera, but even a cheap disposable camera will do.
• Write down when the photo was taken and make sure you are standing in the same location each time.
• Take the photo at the same time of year each time, to make comparisons easier.
• Target the area of focus – do not try to photograph too large an area.
• Use old photos to compare (historical photos, if available)

Photographs and videos can be combined with a range of other methods, such as diaries  or the "most significant change" method. They can also enhance the use of drama and role plays. Such images can also be used to look at differences between before and after an intervention, something particularly helpful when disseminating information or providing presentations.

Source: Guijt, I. and J. Woodhill (2002). Managing for Impact in Rural Development : A guide for project M & E. Rome, Italy: International Fund for Agricultural Development http://www.ifad.org/evaluation/guide/index.htm