Institutional Learning and Change Initiative

The following text is drawn from Guijt and Woodhill (2002).

Problem and objectives trees

The purpose of this method is to identify a core problem and its effects and root causes, and to clarify and come to an agreement on core objectives and necessary activities to tackle the problem. The method helps initiate the process of producing or revising a logframe matrix in a participatory and understandable way. From an M&E perspective, this method is critical at project start-up to revise the existing logframe and reach clarity about the precise objectives and outputs that will be monitored.

The two "trees" provide a comprehensive though simplified view of cause and effect relationships. In this way, the process of creating a logical framework can become more accessible to primary (and other) stakeholders, making it easier to involve them in revising the project design or developing their own activities.

This method is more geared towards project design than towards M&E. Yet it is critical for subsequent M&E sessions, as this requires the utmost clarity in goal, purpose, outputs and activities.

Linkages are represented with lines or arrows. If arrows are to be used, make sure that everyone is clear about what arrows mean as they are not a universally understood symbol.

Source: Guijt, I. and J. Woodhill (2002). Managing for Impact in Rural Development : A guide for project M & E. Rome, Italy: International Fund for Agricultural Development http://www.ifad.org/evaluation/guide/index.htm